The Benefits and Features of Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12
Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12
If you are looking for a comprehensive and reliable text book on surveying and levelling, you might want to check out Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12. This book covers all the essential topics and concepts related to surveying and levelling in a clear and concise manner. It also provides numerous examples, illustrations, diagrams, tables, exercises, and solutions to help you understand and apply what you learn. In this article, we will give you an overview of what surveying and levelling are, why they are important, what are their types, who are Kanetkar and Kulkarni, what is their book about, what are its features, advantages, disadvantages, and how can you access it.
Surveying And Levelling By Kanetkar And Kulkarni Pdf 12
What is surveying and levelling?
Surveying is the science and art of measuring and mapping the relative positions of natural or artificial features on or near the surface of the earth. It involves determining distances, angles, elevations, areas, volumes, coordinates, directions, etc. using various methods and instruments. Surveying is used for many purposes, such as planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, managing, or documenting various engineering projects or land-related activities.
Levelling is a branch or a type of surveying that deals with measuring or determining the vertical distances or heights between different points on or above the ground. It involves finding or establishing a horizontal plane or surface called datum or reference level from which vertical measurements are taken. Levelling is used for finding or setting elevations for various structures or features on land or water, such as buildings, roads, bridges, canals, dams, etc.
Why is surveying and levelling important?
Surveying and levelling are important for many reasons, such as:
They help in locating, identifying, and mapping the natural or artificial features of the earth, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, forests, roads, buildings, monuments, etc.
They help in planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, managing, or documenting various engineering projects or land-related activities, such as civil engineering, architecture, mining, agriculture, forestry, archaeology, etc.
They help in ensuring the accuracy, quality, safety, efficiency, economy, and sustainability of various engineering projects or land-related activities.
They help in resolving or preventing disputes or conflicts over land ownership, boundaries, rights, or usage.
They help in preserving or enhancing the natural or cultural heritage of the earth.
What are the types of surveying and levelling?
There are many types of surveying and levelling based on different criteria, such as purpose, method, instrument, accuracy, etc. Some of the common types are:
Plane surveying
Plane surveying is a type of surveying that deals with small areas of land (less than 250 km) and assumes that the earth's surface is flat or plane. It ignores the curvature of the earth and uses simple geometry or trigonometry to calculate distances and angles. Plane surveying is suitable for local or low-accuracy surveys.
Geodetic surveying
Geodetic surveying is a type of surveying that deals with large areas of land (more than 250 km) and accounts for the curvature of the earth. It uses complex mathematics or astronomy to calculate distances and angles. Geodetic surveying is suitable for global or high-accuracy surveys.
Direct levelling
Direct levelling is a type of levelling that measures the difference in elevation between two points using a level instrument. A level instrument is a device that produces a horizontal line of sight by means of a bubble tube or a laser beam. Direct levelling involves setting up the level instrument at a convenient location and reading the vertical distances from the horizontal line of sight to two points using a graduated staff or rod. The difference in elevation between the two points is then calculated by subtracting the readings. Direct levelling is also called differential levelling or spirit levelling.
Indirect levelling
Indirect levelling is a type of levelling that estimates the difference in elevation between two points using trigonometry or geometry. Indirect levelling involves measuring the horizontal distance and the angle of elevation or depression between the two points using a tape measure and a clinometer or a theodolite. The difference in elevation between the two points is then calculated by applying trigonometric formulas or geometric rules. Indirect levelling is also called trigonometric levelling or geometric levelling.
Who are Kanetkar and Kulkarni?
Kanetkar and Kulkarni are the authors of the book Surveying and Levelling. They are both experienced and qualified civil engineers and educators from India. Here is some information about them:
T.P. Kanetkar: He is a former professor and head of the Department of Civil Engineering at College of Engineering Pune (COEP). He has over 40 years of teaching experience and has authored several books on civil engineering subjects. He has also been involved in various consultancy and research projects related to surveying and geotechnical engineering.
S.V. Kulkarni: He is a former lecturer in civil engineering at COEP. He has over 30 years of teaching experience and has co-authored several books on civil engineering subjects with Kanetkar. He has also been involved in various consultancy and research projects related to surveying and structural engineering.
What is Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12?
What are the main features of the book?
The book Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12 has many features that make it a useful and valuable resource for learning and practicing surveying and levelling. Some of the main features are:
It covers all the essential topics and concepts related to surveying and levelling in a clear and concise manner.
It provides numerous examples, illustrations, diagrams, tables, exercises, and solutions to help you understand and apply what you learn.
It follows the latest syllabus and standards of various universities and professional bodies in India and abroad.
It uses simple and easy-to-understand language and terminology.
It explains the theoretical aspects as well as the practical aspects of surveying and levelling.
It includes a glossary of important terms and a bibliography of useful references at the end of each chapter.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the book?
The book Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12 has many advantages and disadvantages that you should consider before choosing it as your text book or reference book. Some of the advantages are:
It is comprehensive and reliable. It covers all the essential topics and concepts related to surveying and levelling in a thorough and accurate manner.
It is informative and helpful. It provides numerous examples, illustrations, diagrams, tables, exercises, and solutions to help you understand and apply what you learn.
It is updated and relevant. It follows the latest syllabus and standards of various universities and professional bodies in India and abroad.
It is affordable and accessible. It is available in both print and digital formats at reasonable prices. You can download or purchase it online or offline.
Some of the disadvantages are:
It is lengthy and dense. It has 636 pages and covers a lot of topics and concepts in detail. It might be difficult or boring to read or study for some students or engineers.
It is old-fashioned and outdated. It was first published in 1979 and has been revised and updated several times since then. However, it might not reflect the latest developments or innovations in surveying and levelling technology or practice.
It is limited and biased. It focuses mainly on surveying and levelling methods and instruments used in India or similar countries. It might not cover or compare other methods or instruments used in other countries or regions.
How can you access the book?
If you are interested in reading or using the book Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12, you have several options to access it. You can either download it for free or purchase it for a fee online or offline. Here are some of the ways you can access it:
OptionDescriptionProsCons
Download for free from Google BooksYou can download a preview or a partial version of the book from Google Books by searching for its title or ISBN (9788185594054) . You can also read it online on your browser or device.No cost, easy access, online readingIncomplete content, low quality, limited features
Purchase for a fee from Google Play BooksYou can purchase a full version of the book from Google Play Books by searching for its title or ISBN (9788185594054) . You can also read it online or offline on your browser or device.Complete content, high quality, online/offline reading, sync across devicesHigh cost ($12.99), requires Google account, internet connection
Purchase for a fee from Amazon Kindle StoreYou can purchase a full version of the book from Amazon Kindle Store by searching for its title or ISBN (9788185594054) . You can also read it online or offline on your browser or device.Complete content, high quality, online/offline reading, sync across devicesHigh cost ($12.99), requires Amazon account, internet connection
Purchase for a fee from Vidyarthi Griha PrakashanYou can purchase a print version of the book from Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan by visiting their website or their physical store in Pune. You can also order it online or by phone.Complete content, high quality, physical copy, no internet connectionHigh cost (Rs. 500), limited availability, shipping charges, delivery time
Conclusion
In conclusion, surveying and levelling are important and useful skills for engineering students and practising engineers. They help in measuring and mapping the relative positions of natural or artificial features on or near the surface of the earth. They also help in planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, managing, or documenting various engineering projects or land-related activities. There are many types of surveying and levelling based on different criteria, such as purpose, method, instrument, accuracy, etc. Some of the common types are plane surveying, geodetic surveying, direct levelling, and indirect levelling.
Surveying and Levelling by Kanetkar and Kulkarni PDF 12 is a text book on surveying and levelling for engineering students and practising engineers. It was written by two experienced and qualified civil engineers and educators from India. It covers all the essential topics and concepts related to surveying and levelling in a clear and concise manner. It also provides numerous examples, illustrations, diagrams, tables, exercises, and solutions to help you understand and apply what you learn. It has many features, advantages, disadvantages, and ways to access it.
We hope that this article has given you an overview of what surveying and levelling are, why they are important, what are their types, who are Kanetkar and Kulkarni, what is their book about, what are its features, advantages, disadvantages, and how can you access it. If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to contact us or leave a comment below. Thank you for reading!
FAQs
What is the difference between surveying and levelling?
Surveying is the science and art of measuring and mapping the relative positions of natural or artificial features on or near the surface of the earth. Levelling is a branch or a type of surveying that deals with measuring or determining the vertical distances or heights between different points on or above the ground.
What are the instruments used for surveying and levelling?
There are many instruments used for surveying and levelling based on different criteria, such as purpose, method, accuracy, etc. Some of the common instruments are tape measure, chain, compass, clinometer, level instrument (such as dumpy level or automatic level), theodolite (such as transit theodolite or electronic theodolite), total station (such as electronic distance meter or laser scanner), global positioning system (GPS), etc.
What are the units used for surveying and levelling?
inch, yard, mile). Some other units are also used, such as link, rod, chain, furlong, etc.
What are the errors or sources of error in surveying and levelling?
The errors or sources of error in surveying and levelling are the factors that cause the measured or calculated values to deviate from the true or actual values. There are three types of errors or sources of error: instrumental errors (caused by defects or malfunctions of the instruments), natural errors (caused by variations or disturbances of the natural phenomena), and personal errors (caused by mistakes or limitations of the surveyors).
How can you reduce or eliminate the errors or sources of error in surveying and levelling?
You can reduce or eliminate the errors or sources of error in surveying and levelling by following some general principles or guidelines, such as: selecting appropriate instruments and methods for the purpose and accuracy of the survey, calibrating and adjusting the instruments before and after use, checking and verifying the measurements and calculations, correcting for known errors or applying suitable corrections, repeating or averaging the measurements and calculations, using standard procedures and practices, etc.
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